Chapter 1

Intro

AI is one of the newest fields in science and engineering
The field of artificial intelligence attempts not just to understand but also to build intelligent entities
AI currently encompasses a huge variety of subfields
AI is relevant to any intellectual task; it is a universal field

What is AI?

AI can be defined in terms of thought processes (how systems think) or behavior (how systems act).
- Top definitions focus on thinking (how humans think or how reasoning works).
- Bottom definitions focus on acting (human-like actions or ideal, rational actions).
Human vs. Rational:
- Left side measures success based on human performance.
- Right side measures success based on rational performance (doing the "right" thing based on what the system knows).
  
  Eight definitions of artificial intelligence, organized into four categories.

Acting humanly:

The Turing Test approach

Proposed by Alan Turing (1950)
Designed to provide a satisfactory operational definition of intelligence
A computer passes the test if a human can’t distinguish between a computer's responses and a person’s.
Requires abilities in natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, and machine learning.

The computer would need to possess the following capabilities:

Natural Language Processing: Understanding and using human language.

Knowledge Representation: Storing and organizing information.

Automated Reasoning: Drawing conclusions from known data.

Machine Learning: Learning from data and adapting to new information.